đ Les modaux en anglais
đ RĂšgles gĂ©nĂ©rales
âą Pas de -s Ă la 3e personne : He must go.
âą Pas d’auxiliaire do : inversion directe Ă l’interrogatif (Can you?), + not au nĂ©gatif (cannot, can’t).
âą Jamais deux modaux de suite.
âą Suivis de : base verbale / be + -ing / have + PP.
| Modal | Forme négative | Contractée |
|---|---|---|
| can | cannot | can’t |
| could | could not | couldn’t |
| must | must not | mustn’t |
| should | should not | shouldn’t |
| will | will not | won’t |
| would | would not | wouldn’t |
đ Valeurs des modaux
| Modal | Valeurs principales | Ăquivalent conjugable |
|---|---|---|
| can | capacité, permission, demande polie, possibilité | to be able to / to be allowed to |
| could | capacité passée/conditionnelle, suggestion, demande (plus polie) | to be able to / to be allowed to |
| may | permission (soutenu), possibilité éventuelle | to be allowed to / it is possible that |
| might | possibilité faible/éventuelle | to be likely to |
| must | obligation, certitude forte | to have to / to be obliged to |
| must not | interdiction (â needn’t) | â |
| needn’t | absence d’obligation | don’t have to |
| shall | devoir moral (soutenu), suggestion (questions) | to have to / What about + -ing? |
| should | conseil, recommandation, reproche | ought to / you’d better |
| will | futur, dĂ©cision spontanĂ©e | â |
| would | conditionnel, habitude passĂ©e, demande polie | â |
đ Modaux + have + PP (action passĂ©e)
| Construction | Valeur | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| modal + have + PP | déduction sur le passé | He must have left. (Il a dû partir.) |
| should have + PP | reproche sur le passé | You should have told me. (Tu aurais dû me dire.) |
| could have + PP | possibilité passée non réalisée | She could have won. (Elle aurait pu gagner.) |